This incubation chart was compiled by Debbie Milligan / Dallas Zoo. If you would like to add new species to the list, or add information to existing species, please e-mail material to Martin Vince / Riverbanks Zoo. E-mailing large amounts of information in the form of an Excel spreadsheet would be very helpful.
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
STRUTHIONIFORMES |
||||||
Ostrich |
42-50 days |
5-11 |
varied w/ region |
4-5 months |
3-4 years |
|
CASUARIIFORMES |
||||||
Southern Cassowary |
50 days |
3-5 |
Oct-Jan |
9 months |
2-3 years |
|
Emu |
48-56 days |
5-15 |
Dec-Jan |
Oct-Jan |
2 years |
|
TINAMIFORMES |
||||||
Elegant Crested Tinamou |
20-21 days |
5-9 |
Jun-Nov |
|||
PELICANIFORMES |
||||||
Great White Pelican |
29-36 days |
1-3 |
all year |
65-75 days |
3-4 years |
|
Pink-backed Pelican |
30 days |
1-3 |
all year |
84 days |
3-4 years |
|
Brown Pelican |
28-30 days |
2-3 |
all year |
63 days |
2-5 years |
|
Great Cormorant |
27-31 days |
2-6 |
all year |
Apr-Jun |
50 days |
3-5 years |
African Snake Darter |
27-31 days |
2-6 |
all year |
7 weeks |
2 years |
|
CICONIIFORMES |
||||||
Goliath Heron |
24-30 days |
2-5 |
Nov-Feb |
all year |
42-81 days |
|
Snowy Egret |
18 days |
1-6 |
Jan-Jul |
30 days |
||
Cattle Egret |
22-26 days |
1-9 |
Apr-Jul |
30 days |
||
Yellow Crowned Night Heron |
21-25 days |
2-8 |
Jul |
Mar-Jun |
25 days |
|
Boat-billed Heron |
23-28 days |
2-4 |
Mar-Aug |
Jun-Oct |
||
Hamerkop |
28-32 days |
3-6 |
all year |
all year |
44-50 days |
|
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
Wood Stork |
28-32 days |
2-5 |
Nov-Aug |
60-65 days |
4-5 years |
|
Abdim's Stork |
30-33 days |
2-5 |
Apr-Aug |
May-Nov |
50-60 days |
2 years |
Saddlebill |
30-35 days |
1-5 |
Sept-Feb |
Jul-Jan |
70-100 days |
3 years |
Marabou |
29-31 days |
1-4 |
Jul-Jan |
95-115 days |
4 years |
|
Sacred Ibis |
28-29 days |
2-5 |
Sept-Apr |
35-40 days |
||
Scarlet Ibis |
21-23 days |
1-3 |
Jun |
Apr-Aug |
35-42 days |
|
Puna Ibis |
21-26 days |
1-2 |
Apr-Jul |
|||
African Spoonbill |
25-29 days |
2-4 |
Sept-Oct |
Jul-Sept |
35-46 days |
|
Roseate Spoonbill |
22 days |
1-5 |
Feb-Jul |
Nov-Jun |
6 weeks |
3 years |
PHOENICOPTERIFORMES |
||||||
Greater Flamingo |
27-31 days |
1-2 |
Jan-May |
Feb-Jun |
67-90 days |
4-6 years |
Chilean Flamingo |
27-31 days |
1 |
Nov-Mar |
70-80 days |
||
Lesser Flamingo |
28 days |
1-2 |
Jun-Dec |
65-90 days |
3-4 years |
|
ANSERIFORMES |
||||||
S. Crested Screamer |
43-46 days |
2-7 |
Feb-Aug |
Sept-Feb |
||
Fulvous Whistling-duck |
24-26 days |
6-16 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-Oct |
63 days |
1 year |
White-faced Whistling-duck |
25-28 days |
4-13 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-Oct |
8 weeks |
|
Red-billed Whistling-duck |
25-31 days |
12-16 |
May-June |
Apr-Oct |
53-63 days |
1 year |
West Indian Whistling-duck |
25-30 days |
6-12 |
Apr-Oct |
|||
Black-necked Swan |
35-38 days |
4-8 |
Dec-Apr |
Jul-Feb |
100 days |
|
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
Bar-headed Goose |
27-30 days |
2-8 |
Feb-Mar |
May-Oct |
53 days |
|
Hawaiian Goose (Nene) |
29 days |
3-5 |
Dec-Mar |
Oct-Mar |
10-12 weeks |
2-3 years |
Red-breasted Goose |
23-25 days |
3-7 |
Jun |
Jun-Oct |
3-4 years |
|
Abyssinian Blue-winged Goose |
30-34 days |
4-12 |
Feb-Sept |
Mar-Oct |
85-100 days |
2 years |
Ruddy-headed Goose |
30 days |
5-8 |
Sept-Mar |
|||
Egyptian Goose |
28-30 days |
5-12 |
all year |
Jul-Feb |
60-75 days |
2 years |
Ruddy Shelduck |
28-30 days |
6-12 |
Feb-Aug |
Mar-Aug |
55 days |
2 years |
Cape Shelduck |
28-30 days |
1-15 |
Feb-Aug |
Jun-Dec |
10 weeks |
|
Paradise Shelduck |
28-33 days |
5-15 |
Feb-Aug |
Aug-Mar |
7-10 weeks |
|
Common Shelduck |
28-31 days |
3-12 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-Oct |
45-50 days |
F=2yrs,M=4-5yrs |
Radjah Shelduck |
28-30 days |
6-12 |
Feb-Aug |
Nov-May |
||
Comb Duck |
28-30 days |
6-20 |
Feb-Aug |
Dec-Jun |
10 weeks |
|
S. American Comb Duck |
28-30 days |
6-20 |
Dec-Jun |
10 weeks |
||
Hartlaub's Duck |
30-32 days |
7-11 |
Feb-Sept |
Dec-Jun |
8 weeks |
1 year |
African Pygmy-goose |
22-26 days |
6-12 |
Dec-Jun |
|||
Ringed Teal |
26-28 days |
6-12 |
Mar,Jul-Nov |
Jul-Feb |
||
American Wood Duck |
30 days |
9-15 |
Feb-Aug |
Feb-Jun |
60 days |
1 year |
Mandarin Duck |
28-30 days |
9-12 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-Aug |
40-45 days |
1 year |
Maned Duck |
28 days |
8-11 |
Aug-Mar |
57 days |
||
Baikal Teal |
24-25 days |
6-9 |
May-Oct |
|||
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
White-cheeked Pintail (Bahama) |
25 days |
5-12 |
Jul-Aug |
|||
Cape Teal |
24-26 days |
6-11 |
Jan-Oct |
Mar-Oct |
8 weeks |
|
Yellow-billed Duck |
26-29 days |
4-12 |
Dec-Jun |
68 days |
||
Cinnamon Teal |
21-25 days |
9-12 |
Apr-Aug |
7 weeks |
||
Northern Shoveler |
22-23 days |
6-14 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-Oct |
40-45 days |
1 year |
Red-crested Pochard |
26-28 days |
6-14 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-Oct |
45-50 days |
1-2 years |
F. White-eyed Pochard |
25-27 days |
6-14 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-May |
55-60 days |
1 year |
ANSERIFORMES |
||||||
Bufflehead |
29-31 days |
5-12 |
Apr-May |
50-55 days |
2 years |
|
Common Goldeneye |
29-30 days |
5-13 |
Apr-May |
57-66 days |
2 years |
|
Hooded Merganser |
29-37 days |
6-18 |
Mar-Apr |
Mar-Oct |
71 days |
2 years |
Ruddy Duck |
24-26 days |
5-15 |
Feb-Aug |
Apr-Oct |
50-55 days |
1-2 years |
FALCONIFORMES |
||||||
King Vulture |
53-58 days |
1 |
Feb |
3 months |
||
Andean Condor |
59 days |
1 |
Jan-May |
Feb-Jun |
6 months |
|
Bald Eagle |
35 days |
1-3 |
Feb |
Oct-Apr |
70-92 days |
4-5 years |
Egyptian Vulture |
42 days |
1-2 |
Jan-May |
70-85 days |
4-5 years |
|
Hooded Vulture |
48-54 days |
1 |
Oct-Feb |
Oct-Mar |
89-130 days |
2 years |
Ruppell's Griffon |
55 days |
1 |
Jun-Dec |
150 days |
||
Cinerous Vulture |
50-62 days |
1-2 |
Feb-Apr |
95-110 days |
||
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
Lappet-faced Vulture |
54-56 days |
1-2 |
Nov-Feb |
Oct-Feb |
125-135 days |
|
Bateleur |
52-59 days |
1 |
Oct |
Dec-Apr |
93-194 days |
|
Harpy Eagle |
56 days |
1-3 |
Jun-Nov |
6 months |
||
Ornate Hawk-eagle |
48 days |
1 |
all year |
Jan-Aug |
66-93 days |
|
GALLIFORMES |
||||||
Blue-breasted Button-quail |
16-18 days |
4-9 |
all year |
4 weeks |
3 months |
|
Crested Wood-partridge |
18-19 days |
5-6 |
Apr |
Dec-Jul |
18-19 days |
|
Palawan Peacock-pheasant |
18-20 days |
2 |
||||
Great Argus |
24-25 days |
2 |
Mar-Jul |
|||
Crested Guineafowl |
23 days |
4-14 |
all year |
Nov-Mar |
30 days |
|
Vulturine Guineafowl |
23-25 days |
13-15 |
Dec-Jun |
|||
GRUIFORMES |
||||||
Grey Crowned Crane |
28-31 days |
1-4 |
Jul-Sept |
Oct-Apr |
56-100 days |
3 years |
Demoiselle Crane |
27-29 days |
2 |
Apr-Jun |
55-65 days |
2 years |
|
Wattled Crane |
33-36 days |
1-2 |
Apr-Oct |
90-130 days |
3-4 years |
|
Guam Rail |
19 days |
3-4 |
Jul-Nov |
16 weeks |
||
Sunbittern |
28-30 days |
1 |
Mar-Nov |
Mar-May |
22-30 days |
2 years |
Red-legged Seriema |
24-30 days |
1-3 |
Apr-Sept |
Feb-Jul |
1 month |
|
Kori Bustard |
21-25 days |
1-2 |
Feb-Aug |
Sept-Feb |
||
Buff-crested Bustard |
21-25 days |
1-2 |
all year |
Mar-Jun |
3 months |
|
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
CHARADRIIFORMES |
||||||
Double-striped Thick-knee |
27-29 days |
1-2 |
Dec-Apr |
|||
Crowned Plover |
28-32 days |
2-4 |
Feb-Apr |
Dec-Apr |
30 days |
|
Laughing Gull |
24-28 days |
2-6 |
Apr-Jun |
35-42 days |
||
COLUMBIFORMES |
||||||
Speckled Pigeon |
14-18 days |
1-3 |
all year |
all year |
20-25 days |
|
Mauritius Pink Pigeon |
13-15 days |
1-2 |
Dec-Jun |
18-22 days |
||
Namaqua Dove |
13-16 days |
1-3 |
all year |
16 days |
||
Nicobar Pigeon |
28 days |
1 (2 at Lincoln Pk) |
Jun-Mar |
30 days |
||
Victoria Crowned Pigeon |
28-32 days |
1 |
Feb-Oct |
4 weeks |
||
African Fruit Pigeon |
13-14 days |
1-2 |
Feb-Oct |
all year |
11-13 days |
|
Jambu Fruit Dove |
10-17 days |
1 |
Nov |
Nov-Feb |
||
Wompoo Fruit Dove |
18-21 days |
1 |
all year |
Jun-Nov |
13-14+ days |
|
Beautiful Fruit Dove |
18-19 days |
1 |
all year |
Jun-Aug |
||
Black-naped Fruit Dove |
18-26 days |
1 |
all year |
Feb-Sept |
8-14 days |
|
PSITTACIFORMES |
||||||
Palm Cockatoo |
33 days |
1 |
Jul-Mar |
78-81 days |
||
Goffin's Cockatoo |
28 days |
1-2 |
10 weeks |
|||
Rainbow Lorikeet |
25 days |
1-3 |
Feb-Aug |
7-8 weeks |
||
Eclectus Parrot |
26 days |
1-2 |
all year |
all year |
12 weeks |
|
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
Rose-ringed Parakeet |
23-28 days |
3-6 |
Feb-Aug |
Dec-May |
7 weeks |
|
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot |
18-20 days |
1-3 |
Apr-Jul |
Jan-Aug |
5 weeks |
|
Fischer's Lovebird |
23 days |
3-8 |
all year |
Jan-Jul |
38 days |
|
African Gray Parrot |
21-30 days |
2-4 |
all year |
80 days |
||
Hyacinth Macaw |
27-30 days |
2-3 |
Jul-Dec |
105-110 days |
||
Blue and Yellow Macaw |
1-3 |
Dec-Jun |
||||
Blue-throated Macaw |
26-28 days |
1-3 |
Oct-Mar |
90-94 days |
||
Scarlet Macaw |
24-28 days |
1-4 |
Oct-Apr |
14 weeks |
||
Green-winged Macaw |
1-3 |
Nov-Apr |
||||
Thick-billed Parrot |
24-28 days |
1-4 |
May-Aug |
|||
Yellow-naped Amazon |
25-26 days |
2-3 |
Dec-May |
|||
Sun Conure |
4 weeks |
1-4 |
Dec-Feb |
8 weeks |
||
CUCULIFORMES |
||||||
Schalow's Turaco |
18-23 days |
1-2 |
Jul-Mar |
4 weeks |
||
Red-crested Turaco |
18-23 days |
2-3 |
4 weeks |
|||
Violaceous Plantain-eater |
24-26 days |
1-2 |
Mar-Oct |
Apr-Oct |
4 weeks |
|
STRIGIFORMES |
||||||
Spectacled Owl |
34-37 days |
1-2 |
Sept-Oct |
|||
Burrowing Owl |
21-28 days |
6-11 |
Jan-Mar |
28 days |
||
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
COLIIFORMES |
||||||
Speckled Mousebird |
11 days |
2-9 |
Mar-Sept |
3 weeks |
||
CORACIIFORMES |
||||||
Silvery-cheeked Hornbill |
40 days |
1-2 |
Aug-Nov |
77-80 days |
||
Jackson's Hornbill |
30-33 days |
1-2 |
Nov-Jul |
47-50 days |
||
Abyssinian Ground Hornbill |
37-41 days |
1-2 |
Aug-Dec |
all year |
80-90 days |
|
Rufous Hornbill |
2-4 |
Mar-May |
||||
Rhinoceros Hornbill |
37-46 days |
2-3 |
mid-late April | Jan-Jun |
78-80 days |
3+ years |
Red-knobbed Hornbill |
32-35 days |
2-3 | mid-late April | |||
Writhe-billed Hornbill |
29 days | 2-3 | mid-late April | 61-62 days | 2-4 years ?? | |
Wrinkled Hornbill |
29 days | 2-3 | mid-May | 65-73 days | 3-4 years ?? | |
Great Hornbill |
38-40 days |
1-3 |
Jan-Apr |
72-96 days |
||
Grey-headed Kingfisher |
17-27 days |
1-10 |
all year |
|||
Micronesian Kingfisher |
17-27 days |
2-3 |
Dec-Aug |
|||
Blue-crowned Motmot |
18-19 days |
1-3 |
Jan-Jun |
|||
Carmine Bee-eater |
3-5 |
Feb-Jun |
30 days |
|||
Green Wood-hoopoe |
3-5 |
May-Oct |
||||
PICIFORMES |
||||||
Red and Yellow Barbet |
12-19 days |
2-4 |
||||
Chestnut-mandibled Toucan |
18 days |
2-4 |
April - Sept |
Mar-July |
6-7 weeks |
2-3 years |
Toco Toucan |
18 days |
2-4 |
April - Sept |
6-7 weeks |
2-3 years | |
Keel-billed Toucan |
18 days |
2-4 | April - Sept | 6-7 weeks |
2-3 years | |
Green Aracari |
16 days |
2-4 |
April - Sept |
4-5 weeks |
1-2 years | |
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
PASSERIFORMES |
||||||
Long-tailed Broadbill |
17 days |
5-6 |
||||
Lesser Green Broadbill |
17 days |
2 |
||||
Golden-fronted Leafbird |
13-14 days |
2-3 |
||||
Red-tailed Laughing Thrush |
13-14 days |
2-5 |
||||
Shama Thrush |
13-14 days |
4-5 |
13-14 days |
|||
Fairy Bluebird |
13-15 days |
1-2 |
12 days |
|||
Black-headed Gonolek |
14-16 days |
1-3 |
||||
Silver-eared Mesia |
14 days |
1-4 |
||||
Red-billed Leiothrix |
14 days |
1-4 |
14 days |
|||
Collared Sunbird |
13-15 days |
2-3 |
14 days |
|||
Golden-breasted Bunting |
1-3 |
Sept |
||||
Java Sparrow |
13-14 days |
3-8 |
26-28 days |
|||
Red-crested Cardinal |
14 days |
3-5 |
14-17 days |
|||
Turquoise Tanager |
12-14 days |
1-4 |
Feb-Oct |
M=3yrs |
||
Silver-beaked Tanager |
12-14 days |
1-3 |
Jan-May |
12 days |
||
European Goldfinch |
13-14 days |
5-6 |
14-17 days |
|||
Species |
Incubation Period |
Clutch |
Zoo Season |
Normal Season |
Fledge |
Sexual maturity |
Star Finch |
12-13 days |
3-7 |
Mar-Aug |
18-21 days |
||
Firefinch sp. |
12-13 days |
3-5 |
Nov-Jun |
15-21 days |
||
Melba Finch |
12-13 days |
3-6 |
all year |
21 days |
||
Yellow-fronted Canary |
13-14 days |
1-4 |
16-18 days |
|||
Red Sisken |
12 days |
3-5 |
varied w/ region |
13-15 days |
||
Red-headed Finch |
12 days |
3-8 |
Sept |
20 days |
||
Orange-breasted Avadavit |
11-12 days |
3-9 |
18-21 days |
|||
S. Gold-breasted Waxbill |
11-14 days |
3-7 |
all year |
20-21 days |
||
Orange-cheeked Waxbill |
11-14 days |
3-7 |
varied w/ region |
20-21 days |
||
Heck's Long-tailed Finch |
11-13 days |
3-8 |
all year |
Jan-May |
18-21+ days |
|
Blue-capped Cordon-bleu |
11 days |
3-6 |
Jul-Dec |
Jan-Jun |
18 days |
|
White-headed Buffalo Weaver |
May-Sept |
|||||
Red Bishop |
May-Sept |
|||||
Paradise Whydah |
May-Sept |
|||||
Golden-breasted Starling |
11-18 days |
2-6 |
Mar-Aug |
18-25 days |
||
Bali Mynah |
13 days |
1-3 |
all year |
|||
Superb Starling |
11-13 days |
2-6 |
all year |
18-25 days |
||
Malaysian Crested Jay |
16-21 days |
1-3 |
Oct |
|||
Green Jay |
1-4 |
Apr-Aug |
||||
Yellow-rumped Cacique |
1-3 |
Oct-Feb |
||||
Saffron Finch |
13-14 days |
1-4 |
Jan-Sept |
14-15 days |
||
Blue Dacnis |
13-14 days |
2-4 |
Dec-Jul |
13 days |
||
Violaceous Euphonia |
15 days |
3-5 |
all year |
21 days |
||
Purple Honeycreeper |
12-13 days |
1-2 |
Oct-Jun |